La villa de Cáceres y sus aldeas en la Baja Edad Media

Los habitantes de las aldeas en el Antiguo Régimen se encontraban en una situación de dependencia con relación a los de las villas que obras de la época centran en el plano jurisdiccional. Según esto la diferencia entre villa y aldea no se señala por la entidad demográfica, mayor en las primeras, sino porque la aldea es un lugar «que no tiene jurisdicción sobre sí, ni Privilegio de Villa, según las leyes de Castilla, y sus moradores son vecinos de alguna Villa o Ciudad, en cuyo distrito, término o jurisdicción están». Este mismo fenómeno no hace más que apuntar a una desigualdad socio-económica primera que obliga a determinados individuos a asentarse en núcleos de población sin autonomía municipal y cuya degradación en el aspecto económico perpetúan las normas escritas o incluso las costumbres. La propia literatura medieval alude a la superior condición del villano si se compara con la del aldeano. El caso de Cáceres y sus aldeas es significativo por la especial estructura de los términos de la tierra de Cáceres, que atribuye a la villa la libre disposición y aprovechamiento de la casi totalidad de su inmenso territorio. Y también porque diversas leyes municipales están orientadas a mantener esa situación privilegiada de la villa con relación a sus aldeas

Enseñanzas medievales de una cena evangélica.

Sin resume

Is Latin America starting to retreat from early and universal childbearing?

The 2000 censuses show that the proportion of women below age 30 who are mothers has dropped substantially in most Latin America countries, suggesting that the social imperative of early motherhood, which has long prevailed in the region, is weakening. Surveys conducted in 14 Latin American countries in 2006 also show a strong link between childlessness and higher education across several cohorts. We discuss whether the recent increase in childlessness among young women reflects a shift towards later childbearing, a novel trend in the Latin American context, and also whether it may signal an emerging retreat from universal childbearing in the region.childlessness, fertility, first birth, Latin America

Comparative study of surface plasmon scattering by shallow ridges and grooves

We revisit the scattering of surface plasmons by shallow surface defects for both protrusions and indentations of various lengths, which are deemed infinite in one-dimension parallel to the surface. Subwavelength protrusions and indentations of equal shape present different scattering coefficients when their height and width are comparable. In this case, a protrusion scatters plasmons like a vertical point-dipole on a plane, while an indentation scatters like a horizontal point-dipole on a plane. We corroborate that long and shallow asymmetrically-shaped surface defects have very similar scattering, as already found with approximate methods. In the transition from short shallow scatterers to long shallow scatterers the radiation can be understood in terms of interference between a vertical and a horizontal dipole. The results attained numerically are exact and accounted for with analytical models

Tourism and Economic Growth in Latin American Countries: A Panel Data Approach

We consider the relationship between tourism and economic growth for Latin American countries since 1985 until 1998. The analysis proposed is based on a panel data approach and the Arellano-Bond estimator for dynamic panels. We obtain estimates of the relationship between economic growth and growth in tourists per capita conditional on main macroeconomic variables. We show that the tourism sector is adequate for the economic growth of medium or low-income countries, though not necessarily for developed countries. We then invert the causality direction of the analysis. Rather than explaining economic growth, we try to explain tourism arrivals conditional on GDP and other covariates such as safety, prices and education level, and investment in infrastructures. We employ a generalised least squares AR(1) panel data model. The results provide evidence that low-income countries seem to need adequate levels of infrastructures, education and development to attract tourists. Medium-income countries need high levels of social development like health services and high GDP per capita levels. Finally, the results disclose that price of the destination, in terms of exchange rate and PPP is irrelevant for tourism growth.Tourism, Economic growth, Panel data

¿Campesinos de remensa en Castilla y León? (siglos XII - XIII)

Sin resume

An Ontology Based Method to Solve Query Identifier Heterogeneity in Post-Genomic Clinical Trials

The increasing amount of information available for biomedical research has led to issues related to knowledge discovery in large collections of data. Moreover, Information Retrieval techniques must consider heterogeneities present in databases, initially belonging to different domains—e.g. clinical and genetic data. One of the goals, among others, of the ACGT European is to provide seamless and homogeneous access to integrated databases. In this work, we describe an approach to overcome heterogeneities in identifiers inside queries. We present an ontology classifying the most common identifier semantic heterogeneities, and a service that makes use of it to cope with the problem using the described approach. Finally, we illustrate the solution by analysing a set of real queries

The social cause advertising creativity: Values and confidence. The advertising discourses in crisis

El objeto de este trabajo viene determinado por la importancia que suscitan los temas sociales en una sociedad en crisis como la que tenemos en la actualidad. La comunicación publicitaria española no está siendo ajena a este uso de las causas sociales. La finalidad de este trabajo es comprobar la utilización de estas causas sociales, identificarlas y clasificarlas atendiendo a diferentes criterios: temas, emisores y rentabilidad económica directa. Esta investigación se incluye en los estudios de los contenidos de los medios de comunicación. Para llevar a cabo el análisis se ha analizado un corpus significativo de anuncios publicitarios gráficos y audiovisuales de los años comprendidos entre 2004 a 2011. Los resultados de la investigación realizada muestran que el uso de las causas sociales están siendo cada vez más utilizadas por la publicidad española y que van aumentando progresivamente las temáticas pertenecientes a más parcelas de la realidad social. Así, la publicidad con causa social se convierte en una herramienta eficaz capaz de generar confianza y compromiso para plantar cara a la crisis y poder abrir nuevos horizontes de desarrollo que contribuyan a la creación de una nueva realidad.This project’s aim is determined by the importance of social issues in a society that is going through a crisis such as the present one. Spanish advertising communication is not being unaware of this use of social causes. The aim of this project is to check the use of these social causes, identify them and classify them regarding different criteria: topics, speaker and direct economic profitability. This research is included in the studies of the media’s contents. In order to carry out the analysis, a significant corpus of the graphic and audio-visual advertisements between the years 2004 and 2011 has been analysed. The research’s results show that the use of the social causes are becoming more and more used by Spanish advertising. They also show that the topics related to social reality are increasing gradually. Thus, advertising with a social cause becomes an efficient tool which is capable of generating trust and commitment in order to face the crisis and be able to open new development goals that may contribute to the creation of a new reality

Interacting dark sector with transversal interaction

We investigate the interacting dark sector composed of dark matter, dark energy, and dark radiation for a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) background by introducing a three-dimensional internal space spanned by the interaction vector $\mathbf{Q}$ and solve the source equation for a linear transversal interaction. Then, we explore a realistic model with dark matter coupled to a scalar field plus a decoupled radiation term, analyze the amount of dark energy in the radiation era and find that our model is consistent with the recent measurements of cosmic microwave background anisotropy coming from Planck along with the future constraints achievable by CMBPol experiment.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of "CosmoSur II - Gravitation and Cosmology in the Southern Cone" (Valparaiso, Chile, 27-31 May 2013